os.system / os.popen built from a variable (Python)
Part of Security, which counts for 30% of the overall score. When this check fires it deducts 8 points from that category, once per scan, no matter how many places it turns up.
What it detects
os.system or os.popen runs a command string built with an f-string, .format(), %-formatting, or + concatenation, which is a command injection risk.
Why it matters
os.system and os.popen run their argument through /bin/sh, so a command built with an f-string, .format(), %, or + lets a crafted value inject extra shell commands. This is high impact with user-controlled input. It is a heuristic because it flags the building pattern, not proven untrusted data.
How to fix it
Use subprocess.run with an argument list and shell=False (the default): subprocess.run(["ping", "-c", "1", host]). This keeps arguments separate from the command and never invokes a shell. Validate any dynamic argument against an allowlist where relevant.
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